These changes delayed the film by a year, though some showings retained the original ending. The censors believed the film glorified violence and crime. However, the Hays Code, a more lenient precursor, called for major alterations, including a prologue condemning gangsters, an alternate ending to more clearly reprehend Camonte, and the alternative title The Shame of a Nation. Scarface was produced before the introduction of the Production Code in 1934, which enforced regulations on film content. Beginning in January 1931, Hecht wrote the script over an eleven-day period. In an overt tie to the life of Capone, a version of the Saint Valentine's Day Massacre is depicted.Īfter purchasing the rights to Trail's novel, Hughes quickly selected Hawks to direct and Hecht to write the film's screenplay. Camonte's rise to power dovetails with his relentless pursuit of his boss's mistress while his own sister pursues his best hitman. The film stars Paul Muni as Italian immigrant gangster Antonio "Tony" Camonte who violently rises through the Chicago gangland, with a supporting cast that includes George Raft and Boris Karloff. The film was developed and released during the pre-Code era of Hollywood. The screenplay, by Ben Hecht, is based loosely on the 1929 novel by Armitage Trail, which was inspired by Al Capone. Scarface (also known as Scarface: The Shame of the Nation and The Shame of a Nation) is a 1932 American gangster film directed by Howard Hawks and produced by Hawks and Howard Hughes.
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